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Joseph Michael Deffner ((ギリシア語:Μιχαήλ Δέφνερ) * 18 September 1848 in Donauwörth; † 15 October 1934 in Athens) was a German classical philologist and linguist, known for his studies exploring the Tsakonian language. ==Biography== He studied classical philology and linguistics in Munich and Leipzig, and went to Athens in 1871 as a Latin teacher. From 1872–78 he was a lecturer in comparative literature at the University of Athens. Under the auspices of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, one of the predecessors to the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities went to the Peloponnese to study the Maniot and Tsakonian dialects. He did mostly archaeological work, except for his studies of Tsakonian while he was in the Peloponnese. In the summer of 1876 he worked for the Berlin Academy in Trebizond working on a study of the Pontic dialect, some of which he did himself, and some of which was done by Ioannis Pacharidis, a local orphan schoolboy who had been working for a merchant firm to support his family. Pacharidis was eventually imprisoned by Turkish authorities for suspected spying; Deffner and the Greek vice consul secured Pacharidis's release from gaol and helped him emigrate to Greece to complete his studies.〔''Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World'', "Pacharidis, Ioannis", available at (), retrieved 5 July 2015〕 From 1877 to 1910, Deffner was the director of the National Library of Greece in Athens.〔Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, s.v. Παρχαρίδης Ιωάννης, (online )〕 Deffner directed archaeological excavations on the peninsula of Methana and on the island of Skyros. At Methana he discovered an ancient stone throne, the "Throne of the Gods". His research findings are recorded in the Athens Communiqués. His photodocumentation from Methana is preserved at the German Archaeological Institute at Athens. Defner was an editor for the ''Archiv für mittel- und neugriechische philologie'', a German-language journal on mediaeval and modern Greek studies; the ''Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen'', an Indo-European studies journal founded by Balticist Adalbert Bezzenberger; and the German-Greek newspaper ''Νέα Ελλάς'' (''Nea Ellas'', "Greece News"). Deffner is an honorary citizen of Leonidio in the Peloponnese.〔Donauwörther Zeitung, 13. Juli 2009: (''Auf den Spuren eines Gelehrten'' )〕 His grandson and namesake is Prof. Michael Deffner of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,〔Mackridge, Peter ''Greek-speaking Moslems of northeast Turkey: prolegomena to a study of the Ophitic sub-dialect of Pontic'', Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 11 (1987), pp. 115–137 ()〕 who Hellenizes his name as Μιχηαήλ Ντέφνερ.〔(''Το Βήμα'', "Ο ΕΠΙΜΟΝΟΣ ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΗΣ", 27 February, 2011 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Deffner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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